Present Value

continuous compounding formulas

Continuous Compounding

Normally when computing compound interest the compounding period is a discrete interval, annually, quarterly, monthly, weekly etc. There is nothing however to stop the compounding period getting smaller and smaller until eventually interest is calculated on the balance of the principal amount plus accumulated interest on a continuous basis.

Last modified December 6th, 2019 by Michael Brown
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loan balance formula

Loan Balance Formula

The loan balance annuity formula is used to find the balance outstanding on a loan by calculating the present value of the remaining loan installments. The payments are for the same amount, made at the end of each period, and a discount rate i% is applied.

Last modified November 21st, 2022 by Michael Brown
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npv and taxes 1

NPV and Taxes

The NPV (net present value) of an investment is calculated by adding together the present value of each of the individual cash flows associated with the investment. The purpose of this tutorial is to discuss the effect of taxation and depreciation on each of the investment cash flows and, as a result, on the NPV of the investment itself.

Last modified August 6th, 2020 by Michael Brown
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stock valuation calculator v 1.0

Stock Valuation Calculator

The stock valuation calculator works out the price of a stock using the present value of a growing perpetuity formula. The calculator is based on the Gordon growth model, and assumes dividend payments are growing at a constant rate each period and continue forever.

Last modified July 16th, 2019 by Michael Brown
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present value of a growing annuity formula

Present Value of a Growing Annuity Formula

The present value of a growing annuity formula is used to calculate the present value of a series of periodic payments which increase at a constant rate each period. The payments made at the end of each period, and a discount rate i% is applied.

Last modified February 24th, 2023 by Michael Brown
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present value of annuity due formula

Present Value of Annuity Due Formula

The present value of an annuity due formula is used to calculate the present value of a series of periodic payments. The payments are for the same amount, made at the start of each period, and a discount rate i% is applied.

Last modified February 22nd, 2023 by Michael Brown
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excel pv function v 1.4

Excel PV Function

The Excel PV function is one of many Excel financial functions, and can be used to calculate the present value in excel of a lump sum, an annuity, or an annuity due. It has the syntax PV (Rate, Nper, Pmt, FV, Type).

Last modified October 31st, 2019 by Michael Brown
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excel npv function

Excel NPV Function

The Excel NPV function is used to calculate the present value of unequal cash flows in time value of money calculations.

To calculate the net present value of a project, the original investment at the start of the project needs to be deducted from the answer provided by the Excel NPV function.

Last modified January 19th, 2023 by Michael Brown
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