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At the end of an accounting period a manufacturing business will have goods which are only partially completed. These goods will be included in the balance sheet current assets as work in process (WIP), under the heading of inventory. Work in process is sometimes referred to as work in progress.
The effective interest rate adjusts the stated nominal rate to allow for the effects of compounding over a specific time period, referred to as the effective period. Different compounding periods earn different amounts of interest and the effective interest rate allows comparisons to be made by converting these to an equivalent rate as if compounding took place once every effective period,
The effective annual rate adjusts the stated nominal rate to allow for the effects of compounding. Different compounding periods earn different amounts of interest and the effective annual rate allows comparisons to be made by converting these to an equivalent rate as if compounding took place once at the end of the year, hence the alternative name of annual equivalent rate (AER).
Normally when computing compound interest the compounding period is a discrete interval, annually, quarterly, monthly, weekly etc. There is nothing however to stop the compounding period getting smaller and smaller until eventually interest is calculated on the balance of the principal amount plus accumulated interest on a continuous basis.
A mortgage is an interest in a property that is transferred from a borrower (the mortgagor) to a lender (mortgagee) to as security for a mortgage loan. If the lender does not repay the loan then the lender can under certain circumstances take the property.
As we have a series of periodic payments from the lender to the borrower and a periodic compounding interest rate, the mortgage payment can be regarded as an annuity.
The NPV (net present value) of an investment is calculated by adding together the present value of each of the individual cash flows associated with the investment. The purpose of this tutorial is to discuss the effect of taxation and depreciation on each of the investment cash flows and, as a result, on the NPV of the investment itself.
